Rangkuman KALOR Kelas VII SMP TA 2014/2015

<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Pengertian Kalor</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor1.gif" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor1.gif?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kalor" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Kalor merupakan bentuk energi yang pindah karena adanya perbedaan suhu. Secara alamiah, kalor berpindah dari benda bersuhu tinggi ke benda bersuhu rendah. Sebelum abad ke – 17, orang beranggapan bahwa kalor merupakan zat yang pindah dari benda bersuhu tinggi ke benda yang bersuhu rendah. Jika kalor merupakan zat, tentu mempunyai masa. Ternyata benda yang suhunya naik, massanya tidak berubah, jadi kalor bukan zat.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Satuan kalor :</span></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sistem internasional ( SI ) ; joule ( J )</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sistem lain ; kalori ( kal ) dimana  1 kalori = 4,2  ;  BTU dimana 1  BTU  = 252 kalori</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Kalor Dapat Mengubah Suhu suatu Benda</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Lakukan percobaan-percobaan sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/percobaan-kalor1.gif" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" height="429" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/percobaan-kalor1.gif?w=218&h=429" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="percobaan kalor1" width="218" /></a><a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/tabel-kalor.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/tabel-kalor.png?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="tabel kalor" /></a></span></div> <div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <br /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Percobaan 1</span></em></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Masukkan air dengan volume 200 mL dalam gelas kimia.</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Panaskan air tersebut dengan pembakar spiritus, dan catat perubahan suhunya, seperti pada tabel pengamatan.</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Percobaan 2</span></em></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sama seperti percobaan 1, gantilah volume air dengan 100 mL</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Percobaan 3</span></em></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sama seperti percobaan 1, gantilah air dengan minyak bervolume 200 ml</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Dari hasil percobaan, diperoleh data-data sbb :</span></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Semakin lama dipanaskan (semakin banyak kalor diberikan ) suhu air semakin naik tinggi.</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan pemberian kalor yang sama, ternyata air bervolume 100 mL lebih cepat naik suhunya dari pada air bervolume 200 mL.</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan pemberian kalor yang sama pada volume yang sama, ternyata minyak lebih cepat naik suhunya dari pada air.</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Perubahan kalor – kalor suatu benda sebanding dengan perubahan suhu benda tersebut:</span></div> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> penambahan kalor sebanding dengan penambahan suhu.</span></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pengurangan kalor sebanding dengan penurunan suhu</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Jumlah kalor yang diperlukan/dilepaskan untuk menaikkan/menurunkan suhu suatu benda sebanding dengan massa benda dan bergantung pada jenis zat itu.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Secara matematis dirumuskan sebagai :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/rumus-kalor1.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="62" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/rumus-kalor1.png?w=148&h=62" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="rumus kalor" width="148" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/keterangan-rumus.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="121" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/keterangan-rumus.png?w=438&h=121" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="keterangan rumus" width="438" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-jenis.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-jenis.png?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kalor jenis" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3. Kapasitas kalor</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Kapasitas adalah banyaknya kalor yang diperlukan/dilepaskan untuk menaikkan / menurunkan suhu benda sebesar 1 Kelvin / 1<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 0.3em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">0</span> C.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Secara matematis dirumuskan sebagai :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kapasitas-kalor.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kapasitas-kalor.png?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kapasitas kalor" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">H    =   kapasitas kalor, satuannya J/K</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Kalor Dapat Mengubah Wujud Zat</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Lakukan percobaan sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Percobaan 4</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/fixed_points.gif" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear initial; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" height="301" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/fixed_points.gif?w=125&h=301" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="fixed_points" width="125" /></a></div> <div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/fixed_points.gif" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></a></div> <br /> <ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Masukkan es ke dalam gelas kimia</span></em></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Panaskan es dengan pembakar spiritus</span></em></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Catat perubahan suhunya setiap dua menit</span></em></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Catat suhu pada saat es mencair</span></em></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Catat suhu pada saat terjadi penguapan</span></em></li> <li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Amati perubahan suhu pada saat air mulai mendidih dan sedikit demi sedikit berubah menjadi uap air </span></em></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kalor yang diberikan pada suatu  zat dapat mengubah wujud zat tersebut. Contohnya, pada percobaan 4 di atas, kalor yang diberikan pada es ( wujud padat ) dapat mengubah wujud es menjadi air ( wujud cair ), dan air dapat berubah menjadi uap air ( wujud gas ).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Perhatikanlah diagram perubahan wujud zat berikut ini!</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/perubahan-wujud.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="436" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/perubahan-wujud.png?w=468&h=436" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="perubahan wujud" width="468" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Selama terjadi perubahan wujud ( selama melebur, membeku, menguap, mengembun, menyublim, dan deposisi ) suhu zat tetap. Pada saat itu, seluruh kalor yang  diserap atau yang dilepaskan digunakan untuk mengubah wujud benda.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/dagram-kenaikan-suhu.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/dagram-kenaikan-suhu.png?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="dagram kenaikan suhu" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Hubungan antara kalor dan perubahan wujud zat dapat dilihat pada video berikut:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.Menguap, Mendidih, dan Melebur</span></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada percobaan 4 di atas, juga diperoleh fakta bahwa menguap dapat terjadi pada sembarang suhu, sedangkan mendidih hanya terjadi pada suhu tertentu ( yaitu pada titik didihnya ).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Pada pengupan gelembung-gelembung uap hanya terjadi pada permukaan saja; sedangkan pada peristiwa mendidih gelembung-gelembung uap terjadi pada  seluruh bagian zat cair.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Penguapan dapat dipercepat dengan cara antara lain :</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">1)      memanaskan</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">2)      memperluas permukaan</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">3)      meniupkan udara di atas permukaan</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">4)      mengurangi tekanan udara di atas permukaan</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Zat mendidih pada suhu tetap, asalkan tekanannya tetap. Titik didih suatu zat dapat diturunkan, dengan menurunkan tekanannya. Titik didih normal didefinisikan sebagai titik didih di bawah pengaruh tekanan 1 atmosfir.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Jumlah kalor yang diperlukan selama pendidihan / penguapan tergantung pada massa zat dan jenis zat.  Secara matematis ditulis.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kaloruap.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kaloruap.png?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kaloruap" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Seperti pada proses mendidih, pada proses melebur suhu zat tetap asalkan tekanannya tetap. Suhu dimana zat melebur disebut titik lebur. Titik lebur normal didefiniskan sebagai titik lebur di bawah pengaruh tekanan 1 atmosfir.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Jumlah kalor yang diperlukan selama melebur  tergantung pada massa zat dan jenis zat.  Secara matematis ditulis.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-lebur.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="52" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-lebur.png?w=438&h=52" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kalor lebur" width="438" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-uap-lebur.jpg" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/kalor-uap-lebur.jpg?w=468" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="kalor uap lebur" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">sumber  tabel : <a href="http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/admisi/elearning/images/EP-6D08.JPG" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.ittelkom.ac.id/admisi/elearning/images/EP-6D08.JPG</a></span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Untuk jelasnya lihat diagram kalor berikut:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ringkasan-kalor.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="167" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ringkasan-kalor.png?w=466&h=167" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="ringkasan kalor" width="466" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/soal1.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="244" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/soal1.png?w=503&h=244" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="soal1" width="503" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/sol2.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s linear; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" height="201" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/sol2.png?w=546&h=201" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="sol2" width="546" /></span></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">4.</span></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/soal3.png" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(255, 166, 2); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" height="133" src="http://arifkristanta.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/soal3.png?w=468&h=133" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" title="soal3" width="468" /></a></span><br /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> sumber: http://fisikaonline.com/</div>

1. Pengertian Kalor Kalor merupakan bentuk energi yang pindah karena adanya perbedaan suhu. Secara alamiah, kalor berpindah dari benda ...